Classroom Instructional Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Classroom Instructional Strategy - Essay Example Student uses his thinking, learning, and practical skills to follow a course of study or a lesson plan that is being implemented by the teacher. The term teacher's pedagogy is used to refer to the different teaching methods that a teacher will use. When a teacher determines the method of instructions there are a number of factors he or she has to consider these are: Another important aspect is the teacher's ability to deal with the different abilities of the students and the disabilities of the students. Sometimes the teacher has to do more than just teaching in the classroom that is going with students to field trips, supervise study halls, help in organizing school functions, and act as a supervisor in extra curricular activities. There is a possibility that a teacher while teaching might use a combination of some of these 13 ways. Though a combination might not necessary be more effective but in most of the cases it is. Another way a teacher can teach is by implementing every method not in the same class but in different sessions, meaning that in one session the teacher uses Lecture accompanied by a discussion and in his next session in the same class he can use Case Studies. As said before a combination would be more effective I will use a combination of method 2, 8 and 13. ... Another way a teacher can teach is by implementing every method not in the same class but in different sessions, meaning that in one session the teacher uses Lecture accompanied by a discussion and in his next session in the same class he can use Case Studies. As said before a combination would be more effective I will use a combination of method 2, 8 and 13. That is using Lectures accompanied by a discussion including feed back sessions and Presentation to explain things in a much a better way. Selected Teaching Method I choose these three methods due to a couple of reason. The first being that a lecture might be boring but in fact an effective listener can understand a concept much better when things are explained to him with examples during a lecture. Apart from this he can make notes while a lecture is being delivered, this helps a student in revising the matter he studied in the classroom. A discussion after the lecture makes sure in telling the teacher that how much the students learnt and what part was difficult for them. Feed back sessions not only tell the teacher how much the student has learnt but also help a student in realizing how well he or she is doing in a subject and what amount of effort he needs to put in the future. Presentations help a student in noting down important concepts of the course. Apart from this presentations help in teaching as it is said computer aided teaching has always been handy for a teacher as well as the student. Now I will discuss the advantages of these teaching methods and how must a teacher prepare for these methods. Lecture with Discussion This method makes sure that the students are involved in what is going on in the class, students can also raise questions and queries on things that they don't

Description of Personal and Professional Goals Essay Example for Free

Description of Personal and Professional Goals Essay At present, I am enrolled as a student in the mental health counseling master program. I live in Miami, Florida and I am also employed as an Administrative Clerk III in Dade County Corrections Rehabilitation within Miami Dade County. I have been working there for the past six years. One of the reasons I want to have a license in counseling is so I can continue helping these individuals that are in desperate need of professional help; I want to direct them towards the right path. I take such interest in mental health counseling, because I want to be able to work closely with each inmate that needs special help. I enjoy helping others; most importantly, I want to make a difference in other people’s lives. There is also a great need for mental health counseling in Florida. I feel that the craziness of our world today has produced more people in need of mental care. The pressure of living in a highly-industrialized country, with ever widening gaps between family members greatly contribute to this. The commercialized society we live in forces us to aim for instant gratification instead of dealing with our problems head on. While working in a jail facility, I have seen so many men with substance abuse problems and others types of difficulties. I personally think that these inmates are not getting proper help from the system. It is as if they are the dregs of society, ignored and not given proper care and attention. They are misunderstood, and viewed as if they have contagious diseases, and are by nature, violent. A lot of people are afraid to work in jail, due to the fact some of these men can be dangerous at times. I am aware that for me to help these men and women, I need to have a professional license. With the right training at Walden University, I know I will be ready to take care and help these individuals with their needs. I want to be able to work with all type of clients, since I have been around inmates for the past six years. I would like to help them in getting their lives together. First, I want to be able to listen to what they have to say, or at least have some idea of where they want to go once they get released from jail. Second, I want to make sure that they are capable of making decisions for themselves, especially the ones who have mental disorders. Lastly, I want to be able to locate and provide them with different types of help and sources. I will supplement the knowledge I have gained from Walden University with additional information, such as where they can go to get further assistance. I have observed so many men and women that have lost their sense of life and mind; they have no idea where to start a new life or even have any kind of moral compass to know to what’s right or wrong. Some of them used a lot of drugs; some allowed themselves to be used sexually for money, just so they will be able to sustain their everyday expenses. The system thinks the best thing to do is lock them in a cell with others criminals. I believe that this should not be done. Their problems need special attention and different solutions. I believe that these people should be understood; their problems should be put within a context. These kinds of problems crop up because of the situations that push these people over the edge and engage in anti-social behavior. Once I graduate from Walden University, I will be better equipped to deal with such cases, and give the appropriate remedy. I want to be able to solve problem without hesitation. Again, once I get the degree from Walden University, I will be able to share my information with others as soon as possible. Part two: Description of Educational background and research proficiency I received my undergraduate degree from Union Institute University in Florida 2007. I graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Social Work. I like helping people, which is why social work was and still something I want to do. I feel that in my own way, I help make the world a better place to live in. I may not be able to engage in bigger ways of changing the world, but I am doing it through baby steps. This is my approach to my education: taking baby steps. I have not yet worked for a degree, due to the recessions that we going through right now. I have applied to so many places; no one has called me yet. I am still hoping I get a job soon, so I can have some experience by the time I graduate from Walden University with the graduate degree. I enjoy working in the field that I am in right now, because so many men and women are in desperate need of help. I am also inspired to change repeating offenders through guiding them to the right path. I am willing to take as much Walden has to offer. When I was doing my undergraduate degree in Florida, I was introduced to so many positive mentors throughout my stay in school. I was overwhelmed with the inspiring stories they told, such as how they started and the struggle they encountered in the course of their studies. But they have no regrets. They encourage us to go all the way. Don’t be discouraged when things turn out not according to one’s plan, be persistent, disciplined, and most of all know what one wants in life and go for it: these are the most valuable lessons I have learned from my professors. One important point one of my professors told me was to not be around people who did not have the same work ethic as mine, especially in school. This is due to the fact that it is easy to get lazy or discouraged from succeeding what I want to do with my life. My greatest fear right now is not being able to finish my graduate study, which will greatly disappoint me. I am going to try my best to stay with the program. About a month or so, I decided I want to go back to school, but I had no idea which school I wanted to attend. I knew I wanted to be a counselor. I sought online for the school that offers the best program in Mental Health Counseling; I discovered Walden University. I filled out the form they have online for more information. The next day I received a call from a certain person; he told me exactly what I needed to get accepted to Walden. After a couple of days, I was accepted by Walden University. Since school was starting the following week, I was happy, yet nervous, because I just made the decision, not to long ago. I kept asking myself I am ready for this. After a week or so, I made myself ready. I am still asking myself that question, especially when am stuck with an assignment. I refuse to be a quit, once I started something. I always finish the task. Part Three: Program of Study My goal is to get that degree and use it as much as I can to even go further with a Ph.D. degree. I want to be able to produce as much as I can with my education and knowledge through Walden University. In order to do so, I have to be equipped with as much information as I can take out to the field of my profession. I don’t have much experience with field work in social work environment, besides the six years experience I have with Dade County Corrections Rehabilitation Department. Though this is the case, I have learned a lot, such as motivation and team work. I am not satisfied with this, of course. I am looking forward to more experience while I am at Walden University, and beyond. My academic skill is to be able to discipline my self as much as I can, so I won’t fall behind in the program and my coursework. Secondly, I am still indeed working on organizing my priorities, to what needs to be done and when it has to be done; I plan on having a scheduled plan with each semester. I want to put things in perspective, so that I am able to become one of the students at Walden who will be used as example for the new students. Fortunately, my scheduled is very flexible at the present. My weakness, however is having a writer’s block when I have to write a paper. To resolve this, I usually walk away from that assignment or coursework for at least an hour. Once I am ready to write my paper, I use Microsoft Word for my spelling and grammar check. Since English is my third language, I make sure I have access to an editor and to not forget the writing center at Walden, which has and continue to be of great help with my writing. Throughout my undergraduate years, I did most of my papers from the books that the professor wants us to use, not so much journals nor independent research. I am hoping Walden will prepare me for the unexpected in my graduate study. Additionally, I have attached my residencies page, and I have also done my research to where I will obtain my license through Tallahassee, Florida. Also, I have attached my course work and course work definition of each course. Conclusion: Walden and my development Given my academic background, I know that I am capable of accomplishing a lot. I know that I can develop into a better social worker. I have a lot to offer, and not just my skills. Skills, I feel can only get one so far. Passion, I feel, is much more important. It determines how much you will achieve, and how far you will go. It also puts humanity in whatever work one is doing. This I feel is the true essence of service: not only getting things done, but getting things done because people are dependent on you to achieve these things. With my passion for serving people, and the training Walden is giving me, I will transcend success; I will put the warmth and correction back in social work.

The Dental Induced Bacteraemia

The Dental Induced Bacteraemia Your Uncle not the same as last time who has been taking clopidogrel for a number of years approaches you, a dental student, to explain something to him. After two weeks of weariness and fever, his doctor recently diagnosed Infective Endocarditus by blood cultures. An echocardiogram indicated a bicuspid aortic valve, and listening to the chest using a stethoscope the doctor could also detect a slight murmur. His doctor had asked him whether he had had any dental treatment recently. He admitted that he had not seen a dentist for a number of years and a cursory investigation revealed dental caries and inflammation of the gums. His reason for avoiding the dentist was because of bleeding in the mouth following visits. Your Uncle was quizzical about a number of things and has asked for your advice. He wants to know what information the echocardiogram and stethoscope can reveal. Further, he wants to understand the connection between oral health and an individuals general medical condition. Specifically, what oral bacteria are present, what roles do they play in oral biology, how they could cause systemic problems, and what sort of strategies could be employed to prevent infection. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Working in your groups, generate a list of leaning outcomes for this topic and return an individual copy by 23rd November by email to [emailprotected] These learning outcomes will be assessed, and intended learning outcomes returned to assist you with your report. Individually write a 2000 word manuscript in a scientific manner addressing the learning outcomes by 7th January (2013) and upload via QMplus. Please note that with QMplus the time cut-off is 23:55. Learning Outcomes 1. To identify the connection between clopidogrel and excessive bleeding gums. 2. To describe normal and abnormal heart valve formations. 3. To understand and describe the information that echocardiograms and stethoscope can provide regarding heart function. 4. To explain how oral derived bacterial flora can colonise heart valves. 5. To explain why the heart valves are susceptible to bacterial colonisation. 6. To describe when prophylactic antibiotics should be prescribed prior to oral treatments. Introduction Bacteraemia is a condition that is caused when bacteria enters the blood stream. When large amount of bacteria are present in the blood it can cause infections such as meningitis, pericarditis and endocarditus. Individuals with heart valve disorders, prosthetic joints, chronic diseases or weakened immune system are at increased risk of developing infections during Bacteraemia. Dental induced Bacteraemia is caused by minor injury from tooth brushing or from dental procedures. In the above problem based learning scenario we have been presented with our uncle who has been taking Clopidogrel for a number of years and has now been diagnosed with Infective Endocarditis by blood cultures. Below I will expand on the proposed learning outcomes. [2] FIG.1Identify the connection between Clopidogrel and excessive bleeding gums. Clopidogrel is an oral antiplatelet drug which reduces the risk of blood clots forming. It works by preventing Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), which causes platelets aggregation, from binding to its P2Y12 receptors on platelets and stops activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex. This prevention reduces the likelihood of clots forming. [1] [3]Source:Harvey, R; Champe, P Lippincott illustrated reviews: Pharmacology, 4th edition. LWW: 2009. Blood clots can be very dangerous as they can cause blockages of blood vessels reducing the blood supply to an organ. A reduction in blood flow to the brain or heart can cause a stroke or heart attack. This explains Clopidogrels biggest use in patients who have had a recent heart attack or stroke; it helps to stop a reoccurrence. [1] Taking Clopidogrel therefore can cause excessive bleeding gums. If a blood vessel ruptures when brushing the teeth, through dental treatment or even by eating the gums will carry on bleeding for longer than usual because of the lack of platelet aggregation. http://birthnow.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Clopidogrel.gif Describe normal and abnormal heart valve formations. A healthy human heart consists of four chambers; two upper atria and two lower ventricles and four valves; two semilunar and two atrioventricular valves. The aortic and pulmonic valves are both semilunar valves and found in the arteries leaving the heart. The tricuspid and mitral valves are the atrioventricular valves and are found between the atria and ventricles. [5] Valves are made up of cusps which basically act as flaps or leaflets that are responsible for the one way flow of blood going into and out of a ventricle. Each valve has three leaflets, except the mitral valve, which only has two. [4] FIG.3Strong fibrous cords called chordae tendineae also known as heart strings are attached to the papillary muscles found on the floor of the ventricles and they act as anchors to stop the valves from inverting back into the atria. When the valve closes the papillary muscles contract and tenses the chordae tendineae to ensure the one way flow of blood. The valves are also supported and surrounded by a fibrous skeleton called annuli that also acts as another anchor. http://www.tokresource.org/tok_classes/biobiobio/biomenu/transport_system/heart-valves.jpg [6] FIG.4Blood flows from the right and left atria into the ventricles through the open tricuspid and mitral valves respectively. When the ventricles are full, the tricuspid and mitral valves shut. The ventricles now begin to contract and the pulmonic and aortic valves are forced open and blood is pumped out. Blood from the right ventricle passes through the open pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery and carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs while blood from the left ventricle is oxygenated and travels through the open aortic valve into the aorta and goes to the rest of the body. This happens in a cycle, between heartbeats the ventricles will then relax, the semilunar valves will close and the atrioventricular valves will open and allow blood from the body and lungs to enter the heart. [7]http://mitral-valve-repair.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/heart-valves_heart-chambers.jpg Heart valves can however malfunction in several ways. Abnormal heart valve formations fall into two main groups; Regurgitation and Stenosis. Regurgitation of the valves is when they fail to close properly which causes the backward leakage of blood, this is often happens as a result of coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease or because or bacterial and viral infections including infective endocarditus. [8] Mitral regurgitation is the most common heart valve disorder being found in 20% of adults over the age of 55. [9] The backward leakage of blood causes an increase in atrial pressure and the wall of the left atrium will thicken by hypertrophy and possibly dilate. The pulmonary venous pressure will also rise which produces pulmonary oedema (fluid accumulation in the air spaces).It also reduces the blood supply to the rest of the so the left ventricle will also become thicker and the heart rate will increase to try and maintain normal cardiac output. Symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pains, dizziness and the pulse becomes faster. [10] [11] Stenosis of the heart valves occurs when the valve is narrowed and obstructs the forward flow of blood, it is usually a result of a congenital defect which has caused the valve to become inflamed or calcified. [12] FIG.5 Aortic Stenosis Aortic valve Stenosis is one of the most common valve disorders, when the valve doesnt open correctly there is reduced blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta. In severe cases the walls of the left ventricle will become thicker as it has to work harder to maintain cardiac output into the aorta. Symptoms include dizziness, chest pain and an irregular heart beat. If the condition worsens it can lead to heart failure and more uncommonly to endocarditus.http://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/Images/aortic-stenosispicture-275.jpg Aortic Stenosis develops over time because or turbulent blood flow through a usually bicuspid aortic valve. Calcific valvular disease is an inflammatory process and the biggest cause of the disorder, calcification of the valve makes it very stiff and makes it difficult for the valve to open easily. Again as with regurgitation rheumatic fever and endocarditis are also causes of Stenosis. [11] [12] Valve deformations are more common in the left side of the heart but they do also occur in the right hand side. Stenosis and regurgitation can affect all four valves and not only the two mentioned above. [13] Other abnormal valve formations are congenital heart valve diseases which are those present at birth when the aortic or pulmonary valves dont form properly. Understand and describe the information that echocardiograms and stethoscope can provide regarding heart function. Echocardiography is a non-invasive technique used to assess cardiac structure and function by the use of ultrasound. Echoes are used to listen for congestion in the lungs, irregular heartbeats and murmurs. [11] There are several types of echocardiograms; transthoracic (TTE) are the most common. A device called a probe or transducer is placed on the chest and high frequency sound waves are used to produce sounds and images of the heart. It picks up echoes of sound waves and transmits them as electrical impulses which are then converted to 2D or 3D moving pictures on the screen. A Doppler echocardiogram shows the movement of blood. If a clear picture cannot be formed a small amount of liquid can be injected via IV to give a better picture. [14] Echocardiograms show details of the chambers including size, volume and thickness of the walls which helps to identify certain disorders including hypertension, the pumping function can also be reviewed and this can show conditions such as cardiomyopathy. Echoes also help with diagnosis of heart valve disorders including those mentioned above. It identifies the basic structures of the valve including thickness and movement and shows any abnormalities such as calcification and scaring. The Doppler will show any leakage through the heart valves and if there is a restriction in blood flow. Echoes of mitral regurgitation will show a dilated left atrium and left ventricle and echoes of aortic Stenosis will show the thickened calcified leaflets. In cases of suspected endocarditis a transesophageal echo can be used instead to show high-quality images of the heart and its valves. It is slightly more invasive and a long tube is passed down the oesophagus. [15] A stethoscope is a non invasive diagnostic instrument used to listen to or auscultate a patients heart, lungs, pulse and abdomen. It can also be used to help check blood pressure by listening to blood flow restoration when the sphygmomanometer cuff is removed. The diaphragm is placed on the patients chest where it picks up vibrations and amplifies them as sounds to the earpieces going via a hollow tube. [16]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Stethoscope_(PSF).png A healthy heart produces a double beat or lub dub with little other sound when the semi lunar valves open and close. A stethoscope helps detect a heart murmur which makes a whooshing sound after the heart beat, this can indicate serious other problems such as infective endocarditis. [17] [18] FIG.6 S Mutans adhering to surface of mitral valve Explain how oral derived bacterial flora can colonise heart valves Explain why the heart valves are susceptible to bacterial colonisation. Streptococcus mutans are a type of bacteria found in dental plaque of the oral cavity that is largely responsible for causing tooth decay and cavities via the process of demineralisation. However on occasion after dental treatment or from brushing the teeth if blood is exposed it can enter the blood stream and cause bacteraemia. Diseased Aortic Valve Endocarditis typically develops on surfaces of the heart, which have become rough and sticky after sustaining endothelial damage after being subject to turbulent blood flow. (In bicuspid valves blood flow is more turbulent and this creates a high pressure which makes the surface of the valve rough and more susceptible to bacterial colonisation). [19] Platelets and fibrin attach to the endochardium surface and form a platform which the bacteria can attach to; vegetation is now formed. This vegetation can damage the heart valves and affect how they open and close, or breakaway and cause complications in other areas of the body. The aortic and mitral valves of the left side of the heart are the most common to be affected. S mutants are thought to be responsible for 50% of all bacterial endocarditus cases. Staphylococci found on the skin can also cause it. [11] The risk of developing endocarditis is increased in a person who has already got artificial heart valves, general heart valve conditions, congenital birth defects, rheumatic fever and those with a lowered immune system. The problem with when bacteria colonises heart valves is that the valves dont have a designated blood supply to them so white blood cells are unable to fight the infection that is forming there. [20] [21]Full-size image (41 K) [22] FIG.7 Transthoracic echocardiogram (a) and apical four-chamber view (b) demonstrating a well circumscribed vegetation measuring 2 ÃÆ'- 1 cm, confined to the posterior mitral valve leaflet and impinging on the left atrium. Describe when prophylactic antibiotics should be prescribed prior to oral treatments. The term prophylactic antibiotics refer to when antibiotics are given prior to an event as a preventative measure to infection. Where rheumatic fever is still common, control and prevention will prevent rheumatic heart disease and associated endocarditis. [11]Previously people with heart valve conditions and artificial valves were thought to be at high risk of developing endocarditus when receiving dental treatment and other surgical operations so a treatment of antibiotics, usually penicillin were given prior to the procedure in question. Today however this practice is questioned as there were no placebo trials conducted. The large scale use of penicillin as a preventative measure comes with risks such as anaphylactic shock so now as recommended by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) it is mainly only offered to those patients who have an infection beforehand and those with artificial valves. Conclusion In conclusion to this PBL I now understand that the presence of bacteria in the blood can have serious consequences all over the body and not just at the site of entry. In answer to my uncles question about preventing infection it would be worth noting that meticulous oral and skin hygiene is significant in preventing such infections like endocarditis. With regards to oral hygiene a dentist should be seen at least every 6 months so any issues that may be present can be resolved before they develop further. Brushing twice a day, flossing and keeping ones toothbrush clean are always that can prevent bacteraemia.

Vonneguts Simple Style in Vonneguts Cats Cradle Essay -- Cats Crad

Vonnegut's Simple Style in Cat's Cradle The simple style with which Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. writes his novels belies the complexity hidden behind his sentences. Vonnegut's novels, as a result, are amazingly easy and, to many, enjoyable to read, yet they contain messages that go to the very root of humanity, messages that are not hidden underneath flowery prose. The success of Cat's Cradle, like all of his novels, relies on this simplicity to reveal its messages about religion, death, and apocalypse to the reader. Cat's Cradle is composed of a series of short, very direct, and seemingly simple sentences, that, when combined, form a surprisingly complex novel. Cat's Cradle, like most of Vonnegut's novels, is not very wordy. Vonnegut will almost always say things directly; for example, when discussing the history of San Lorenzo, he writes, "Subsequent expeditions came for gold...found none, burned a few natives for entertainment and heresy, and sailed on" (89). Vonnegut uses a very direct and flippant manner when he writes of things that others might not confront, such as the cruelty of the conquistadors. He does not try to hide his messages subtly, so his readers get the full meaning out of his novel, even if they are reading the book merely for entertainment. One does not have to search through his novel word-for-word to find Vonnegut's themes. Instead, Vonnegut sends his themes via simplicity and exaggeration. For Vonnegut to convey his ideas successfully to the reader, he must use a simple style to do s o; his point of view is so contrary to the norm that simplicity is the only way for him to get hi... ...continue trying, because it is human nature to risk destroying the world to further one's own ends. Cat's Cradle depends on Vonnegut's simplicity and other literary techniques, like exaggeration, to make its point. Man's destructive nature is made quite clear in this excellent novel, and unnecessary words and sentences would have destroyed the clarity of Vonnegut's message. The message, and the readability of the novel, are more important than if the novel is of the same literary caliber as the likes of Shakespeare and Hemingway. Vonnegut's simple sentences, combined with exaggeration, irony, and elements of science fiction, make his novels, and the messages contained within them, very powerful, and very enjoyable to read. In this way, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. has established himself as a literary master. Vonnegut's Simple Style in Vonnegut's Cat's Cradle Essay -- Cat's Crad Vonnegut's Simple Style in Cat's Cradle The simple style with which Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. writes his novels belies the complexity hidden behind his sentences. Vonnegut's novels, as a result, are amazingly easy and, to many, enjoyable to read, yet they contain messages that go to the very root of humanity, messages that are not hidden underneath flowery prose. The success of Cat's Cradle, like all of his novels, relies on this simplicity to reveal its messages about religion, death, and apocalypse to the reader. Cat's Cradle is composed of a series of short, very direct, and seemingly simple sentences, that, when combined, form a surprisingly complex novel. Cat's Cradle, like most of Vonnegut's novels, is not very wordy. Vonnegut will almost always say things directly; for example, when discussing the history of San Lorenzo, he writes, "Subsequent expeditions came for gold...found none, burned a few natives for entertainment and heresy, and sailed on" (89). Vonnegut uses a very direct and flippant manner when he writes of things that others might not confront, such as the cruelty of the conquistadors. He does not try to hide his messages subtly, so his readers get the full meaning out of his novel, even if they are reading the book merely for entertainment. One does not have to search through his novel word-for-word to find Vonnegut's themes. Instead, Vonnegut sends his themes via simplicity and exaggeration. For Vonnegut to convey his ideas successfully to the reader, he must use a simple style to do s o; his point of view is so contrary to the norm that simplicity is the only way for him to get hi... ...continue trying, because it is human nature to risk destroying the world to further one's own ends. Cat's Cradle depends on Vonnegut's simplicity and other literary techniques, like exaggeration, to make its point. Man's destructive nature is made quite clear in this excellent novel, and unnecessary words and sentences would have destroyed the clarity of Vonnegut's message. The message, and the readability of the novel, are more important than if the novel is of the same literary caliber as the likes of Shakespeare and Hemingway. Vonnegut's simple sentences, combined with exaggeration, irony, and elements of science fiction, make his novels, and the messages contained within them, very powerful, and very enjoyable to read. In this way, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. has established himself as a literary master.

Marriott Corporation: The Cost of Capital

In April 1988, Dan Cohrs, vice president of project finance at the Marriott Corporation, was preparing his annual recommendations for the hurdle rates at each of the firm's three divisions. Investment projects at Marriott were selected by discounting the appropriate cash flows by the appropriate hurdle rate for each division. In 1987, Marriott's sales grew by 24% and its return on equity stood at 22%. Sales and earnings per share had doubled over the previous four years, and the operating strategy was aimed at continuing this trend. Marriott's 1987 annual report stated: We intend to remain a premier growth company. This means aggressively developing appropriate opportunities within our chosen lines of business—lodging, contract services, and related businesses. In each of these areas our goal is to be the preferred employer, the preferred provider, and the most profitable company. Mr. Cohrs recognized that the divisional hurdle rates at Marriott would have a significant effect on the firm's financial and operating strategies. As a rule of thumb, increasing the hurdle rate by 1% (for example, from 12% to 12. 12%), decreases the present value of project inflows by 1%. Because costs remained roughly fixed, these changes in the value of inflows translated into changes in the net present value of projects . Figure A shows the substantial effect of hurdle rates on the anticipated net present value of projects. If hurdle rates were to increase, Marriott's growth would be reduced as once profitable projects no longer met the hurdle rates. Alternatively, if hurdle rates decreased, Marriott's growth would accelerate. Marriott also considered using the hurdle rates to determine incentive compensation. Annual incentive compensation constituted a significant portion of total compensation, ranging from 30% to 50% of base pay. Criteria for bonus awards depended on specific job responsibilities but often included the earnings level, the ability of managers to meet budgets, and overall corporate performance. There was some interest, however, in basing the incentive compensation, in part, on a comparison of the divisional return on net assets and the market-based divisional hurdle rate. The compensation plan would then reflect hurdle rates, making managers more sensitive to Marriott's financial strategy and capital market conditions. Professor Richard Ruback prepared this case as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright  © 1998 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http://www. hbsp. harvard. edu. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permi ssion of Harvard Business School. Marriott Corporation: the Cost of Capital 1. How does Marriott use its estimate of its cost of capital? Does this make sense? Marriott has defined a clear financial strategy containing four elements. To determine the cost of capital, which also acted as hurdle rate for investment decision, cost of capital estimates were generated from each of the three business divisions; lodging, contract services and restaurants. Each division estimates its cost of capital based on: Debt Capacity Cost of Debt Cost of EquityAll of the above are calculated individually for each of the three divisions, and this is a critical aspect due to the varying cost of debt in particular for each division. Marriott then calculate company wide cost of capital using weighted average of the individual divisions cost of capital. This is a very clever approach, particularly as we see that for example the lodging unit, has a 74% debt percentage in the capital structure, and the fact that Marriott use long term cost of debt for lodging (which in this case is c lose to Government debt 110 bps margin) demonstrates the low risk investors perceive this side of the business to haveWe believe this approach is sound due to the difference in the cost of capital between the divisions being a function of the risk associated with the investments considered so this approach incorporates the fact that risk between the divisions varies. Given this we believe the method chosen by Marriott is compliant with the â€Å"Marriott Financial Strategy† as the capital costing approach is due diligent and reflect the single entity risk (bottom-up) rather than an estimated top-down.We believe this approach enables Marriott to optimize the financial performance and in turn increase the shareholder value. 2. If Marriott used a single corporate hurdle rate for evaluating investment opportunities in each of its lines of business, what would happen to the company over time? Marriott's three divisions are very different in terms of business area, business risk an d capital structure (debt capacity). The result is varying capital costs between the divisions. For instance Lodging has a significant lower cost of capital (WACC) than the Restaurant and even than the company as a whole.Using a single company-wide hurdle rate would create an uneven process in assessing investment opportunities across the divisions. In practical terms the accept/reject decision would not reflect the inherent business risk of the division, which could lead to investments being accepted, while they should have been rejected. Given the WACC calculations in the following questions, we see there is a significant difference in the cost of capital between the different divisions varying from 8. 85% (Lodging) to 12. 11% (Restaurants)Therefore, if we were to use one single corporate hurdle rate, we would assume in this instance that we would use the Marriott WACC of 10. 01%, then we may reject an investment in ‘Lodging’ which would yield a positive NPV and vice versa, we may accept an investment opportunities in ‘Restaurants’ which potentially would yield a negative NPV. Going back to the brief, we know that typically an increase in hurdle rate of 1% will decrease present value of project inflows by 1%. If we were to then use one hurdle rate (10. 1%) and take the lodging hurdle rate (8. 85%) this would be an increase in WACC of 13. 10% (lodging) and would therefore decrease PV of project inflows by the same 13. 10% – so the effect of using a single rate is compounded, firstly it impacts the decision, and the PV due to the discount impact. Over time a single hurdle rate (if consistently higher than the existing approach) would significantly hurt the performance of company as the approach could lead Marriott to reject (or accept) investment opportunities which should have been accepted (or rejected).This would destroy shareholder value. 3. What is Marriott’s Weighted Average Cost of Capital? What types of investmen ts would you value using Marriott’s WACC? To calculate Marriott’s WACC, we need to assess three factors 1) Capital structure, 2) Cost of debt, 3) Cost of Equity. As the corporate tax rate is given we will not manually calculate it. If required we would have used the financial statement in appendix 1 to do so.After having calculated the three factors mentioned above we employ the following formula to find WACC: WACC = (1-t)*rD*(D/V) + rE*(E/V) where Re = After tax cost of equity, Rd = pre tax cost of debt, E = market value of the firm's equity, D = market value of the firm's debt, V = E + D = firm value, E/V = percentage of financing that is equity, D/V = percentage of financing that is debt and t = corporate tax rate. 1) Capital Structure We find the capital structure in Table A on page 4 in the case. As the â€Å"debt percentage in capital† – D/V in the WACC formula – is given we find the equity percentage in capital (E/V) as: E/V= 1 – D/V. Using this we see Marriott is funded using 60% debt and 40% equity. We do realize the data in Table A is the target-leverage ratio, but we are comfortable using the target capital structure for this purpose instead of the current capital structure. 2) Cost of Debt The cost of debt is mathematically defined as Cost of Debt = (1-t) rD, where rD is the rate for pretax cost of debt and (1-t) represents the tax shield via the corporate tax rate. In the following rD is calculated, while the tax shield is not included until the final WACC calculation.Marriott’s debt was divided into two different segments; floating rate and fixed rate. 40% of Marriott’s debt was floating rate where the interest rate payment changes with changes in the market interest rates, while 60% was fixed rate. The case gives a â€Å"debt rate premium above government†, but information about term structure or other features of the floating debt are limited. We believe the correct way to estimate t he cost of debt is to estimate the cost per debt type/segment and then in a second step weigh the costs using the debt structure.To do this we estimate that the floating debt rate is best estimated using the 1yr government rate in Table B – for the reason that we do not have any shorter term data or average, and this most closely would represent floating. While for the fixed debt portion we have selected the 10yr government rate. Again, this is due to a mix of long term and shorter term fixed debit. This is the best assumption we can take using the data provided. Given the above the cost of debt of Marriott is: [Average((1yr Gov. ate)*(Floating debt fraction) + (10yr Gov. rate)*(Fixed Debt Fraction)) + â€Å"Debt Rate Premium Above Government†] [Average((6. 90%)(40%) + (8. 72%)(60%)) +1. 30%] = 9. 29% 3) Cost of Equity Cost of Equity is found using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) or rE = RF+ ? i(E[RM] – RF), Where rF is the risk free rate we estimated ear lier, ? is the systematic risk or the overall risk factor and (E[RM] – RF) is the ‘price of risk’ or ‘market risk premium’ (MRP) investors expect over and above what the risk free securities yield.To be consistent in selecting expected market return and the risk free rate, we have selected to use the same time period for both estimates. Using Exhibit 4 and 5 we find the appropriate data. We take the longest time period available as we believe this is the conservative method as outliers in the data is crowded out due to the law of large numbers, which increases the empirical probability of accuracy. Given this we have selected 1926-87 average returns of the long-term U. S government bond as the risk free rate (RF) thus RF is 4. 58%. (Exhibit 4).The MRP is estimated using Exhibit 5, where we use the S excess return over the long term U. S government bond over the same time period as the risk premium (E[RM] – RF) = MRP = 7. 43%. S is chosen as th e â€Å"market return† as the stock index represents a wide and diversified range of equity across different sectors and industries. Given this we believe it is fair to use the S excess return over the risk free rate as the market risk premium (MRP) To find the ? we need to adjust the equity ? given in Exhibit 3 as it reflects the current capital structure and not the target structure.To re-calculate in order for the ? to reflect the Marriott target capital structure, we first calculate the unleveraged ? and then re-leverage it with the target capital structure. The unleveraged ? is calculated using: Unlevered ? = Equity ? / (1 + (1 – t) x (Debt/Equity)). As all data is given in Exhibit 3, we find unleveraged ? = 0. 7610. (See detailed calculations in excel sheet under tab â€Å"Exhibit 3†). To re-leverage the data we re-write the formula: Equity ? = Unlevered ? * (1 + (1 – Tc) x (Debt/Equity)) = 0. 7610 *(1+(1-34%)*(60%/(1-60%)) = 1. 514.We now have all the data need to calculate the cost of equity: rE = RF + ? (E[RM] – RF ) 4. 58%+ 1. 514(7. 43) =15. 83%. Finally we find WACC by employing the formula: WACC = E/V ? rE + D/V ? rD ? (1 – t) 40%*15. 83% + 60% *(9. 29%(1-34%)) = 10. 01%. Please find all detailed calculations in the attracted excel sheet under tab â€Å"Table A†. We would value an investment of similar risk, which would offer us a return higher than the WACC of 10. 01%, as anything over and above this in terms of return would be adding value as the present value of the future cash flows in that case would be positive.In otherwords, we could use WACC as our discount rate and hurdle rate to calculate NPV of potential investment projects of physical asset, where it is expected the financing will be similar to the financing of the company conducting the investment. 4. What is the cost of capital for the lodging and restaurant divisions? The WACC calculation methodology is the same for the divisions as t he calculations under question 3. However the inputs are changed to mirror the attributes and characteristics of the divisions.Please also see excel spreadsheet included within this submission for breakdown of the calculations. Lodging: Cost of debt: For the calculations of the fixed rate debt, we are using the 30 year government bond rate instead of the 10 year. This is a reflection of the comments in the case about the longer durability of the asset and longer financing. For the floating leg of the debt, we continue to use the 1 year government bond rate. rD = Average((1year US (Table B)*Fraction of Floating Debt + 30 Year US*Fraction of Fixed Debt) + 1. 10% rD = Average((6. 90%*50% + 8. 5%*50%) + 1. 10% = 9. 03% Cost of equity: To be consistent we opt for the long-term securities and long-dated data just as we did when calculation the cost of equity in question 3. As for the ? we use the peer group as presented in Exhibit 3. Hence to find the unleveraged beta, we take the average of the equity ? s of the peer group the average debt/equity ratio. After having calculated the unleveraged ? , we re-leverage using the target capital structure of the lodging division. We realize the limitations of using comparable companies to estimate the ? nd understand the criticality of defining the right peer group of comparable companies. We could most likely have increased the accuracy of our calculations by being more due diligent in the selection to find companies that were a closer match to the Lodging (and restaurant) division. However, for the purpose of the calculations in this case, we use the peer group defined in the exhibit. Restaurants: Cost of debt: For the calculations of the fixed rate debt the 10 year government bond is used. rD = Average((1year US (Table B)*Fraction of Floating Debt + 10 Year US*Fraction of Fixed Debt) + 1. 10% D = Average((6. 90%*25% + 8. 72%*75%) + 1. 10% = 10. 07% Cost of equity: To reflect the shorter nature of the assets in the restaur ant business division, we use short-term securities to estimate the risk free rate and the risk premium. We use the same method for estimating ? as we did for the Lodging calculations. Using the data described above, we find WACCLodging to be 8. 85% and WACCRestaurants to be 12. 11%. These findings support the notion that incorporating debt will lower the cost of capital due to the tax shield. Lodging has a debt/equity ratio of 74/26 against the 42/58 in the restaurant division. See detailed calculations in the attached excel sheet) We would also like to point out that of the restaurants given in the brief, many of these would in essence not necessarily be our peer group per se and we would be more selective over the restaurants we would selected to more closely mirror Marriott’s restaurants. With our aim to ensure we have the closest peer group possible for comparison. 5. What is the cost of capital for Marriott’s contract services division? How can you estimate its e quity cost without publicly traded comparable companies?We use the same framework as for the WACC calculations under Q3 and Q4. However, as we do not have a defined ? for the Contract Service division or an adequate peer group, we will estimate the ? using the existing data for Marriott and the two divisions. We know from the literature that a (holding) company’s ? is the weighted ? ’s of the individual business divisions. We use the revenue as the catalyst for the weighing of the ?. For the purpose of the calculations we use the unleveraged ? ’s. Mathematical this can be expressed as: ?(Marriott) = Revenue Weight (Lodging)* ? Lodging) + Revenue Weight (Contract Division)* ? (Contract Division) + Revenue Weight (Restaurants)*? (Restaurants). To find the ? (Contract Division) we re-write the formula to: ?(Contract Division) = [? (Marriott) – Revenue Weight (Lodging)* ? (Lodging) – Revenue Weight (Restaurants)*? (Restaurants)]/ Revenue Weight (Contra ct Division) ?(Contract Division) = [0. 7610 – 40. 99%*0. 5841 – 13. 49%*1. 0014]/45. 52% = 0. 8490 Adjusting for the target capital structure we find ? (Contract Division) equals 1. 223 Using this data, we find WACC for the Contract Service division to be 10. 82%.

Warren court essays

Warren court essays The Warren Court and the Pursuit for Justice The Warren Court and the Pursuit for Justice written by Morton J. Horwitz is a description of the many Supreme Court cases that Chief Justice Earl Warren, along with other Justices presided on during this critical time period in American History. The author begins the book by explaining who the different Justices that served on the Court were and when they were appointed to it. Horwitz explained the different backgrounds that the Justices came from and whether they were conservative or more liberal on the court. The authors thesis was to prove that the Warren Court helped to give people their own personal rights, through many different court cases. The Warren court ruled on cases from Brown v. Board of Education, which dealt with the segregation issue, to Roth v. United States, which dealt with pornography. Through trying to support his thesis, the author broke the book down into five separate chapters that dealt with the Warren Court. The first chapter that Horwitz dealt with court cases was in chapter two. In this chapter the author supported his thesis by explaining how the Court ruled on court cases that dealt with Civil Rights. One of the biggest court cases that the Warren Court presided over was Brown v. Board of Education 1953; this court case overturned the separate but equal doctrine. Which stated that the races could be legally segregated. In this case the Justices overturned the Plessy decision and ruled that the segregation of public facilities was illegal. This supported the authors thesis because it gave all people no matter what race equal facilities. Of course it would be many years before this was enforced throughout the country. Most of the cases decided on by the Warren Court in this section of the book dealt with the Civil Rights movement. Which gave all races equal righ ...

Childhood Obesity Essay

Childhood Obesity Essay Free Online Research Papers The United States is dealing with an increasing epidemic of childhood obesity in our society. In the past years, Americans have changed their eating and exercise habits drastically for the worse. Children become the victims of obesity because of the lack of a nutritional diet, and exercise. Some claim that the media is to blame for the epidemic while others feel it is the parents responsibility. This eating disorder should be taken as a serious matter especially when childrens health is at risk. The evidence suggests that childhood obesity has been linked to future medical and psychosocial disorders. The American people need to start taking preventive measures to help decrease the rate of obesity in our youth. According to the American Heritage College Dictionary, Obesity is the condition of being obese; increased body weight caused by excessive fat (Pg. 940). Being overweight is a large build-up of adipose tissue, which is stored cellular fat. Obesity was never a big issue until recently when studies have shown increasing rates in adults and children. The number of children who are overweight has doubled in the last two to three decades; currently one child in five is overweight (NIH Pg 1). These statistics are mind-boggling considering a large increase in such a short time period. These numbers are prevalent in predicting future statistics on obese children in the United States. One child in five translates into 15 percent of Americans aged 6 to 19 that are overweight (Greaser Pg 1349). These statistics will only increase in years to come if nothing is done about it now. Genetics do play a role in a person involving weight gain, but there is not much we can do to change our gene makeup. Now there are two potential explanations for this. Either 50 percent of the population has the genes that make them susceptible to obesity, and the environmental factors are acting on this 50 percent, or 50 percent of the population is exposed to specific factors that are driving obesity that is not shared by the rest of the population (Symp) Proc. Pg.16). Regardless of genetic makeup, we need to start changing the poor eating habits and lack of physical activities encountered in every household. Children look up to parents as role models. The environmental issue is also a huge concern for childhood obesity. Unsafe streets, parks, and neighborhoods keep kids from playing outside and detrimental to a childs ability to lose excess pounds. With this information, any child is susceptible to becoming overweight and threatens an unhealthy lifestyle. One major concern is the increase in Americans becoming a fast food society. McDonalds, Burger King, and Taco Bell to name a few have become an easy source of a quick food fix for the whole family. Today take-out food accounts for over 30 percent of a familys food expenditures on a daily, weekly, or annual basis; across all spectrums of socioeconomic class (Symp. Proc. Pg 18). This percentage is forever increasing every year with more variety of fast food restaurants to choose from. Whatever happened to preparing a nutritious homemade meal? It seems as though families do not have enough time anymore to make homemade meals. These fast food joints entice children by creating kids meals that come with toys. This is how they target the child to eat their meals. Some may call it smart target marketing and to others promoting poor eating habits. It should be up to the parent to put their foot down and create better diet choices for their children. Some critics feel that the environmental factor is also involved in child obesity. Not all children experience growing up in an unsafe neighborhood, but a good percentage of them does. Mostly inner-city children have limited resources to release their extra energy after school or during the summer. It is unfortunate for children to have to live in fear of playing outside, but is the reality for many. For children that live in better areas do have opportunities to play outside whether it is in a park or a yard. According to the National Recreation and Park Association, 75 percent of Americans live within a two-mile walking distance of a public park (NIH Pg2). Every year more children would rather stay inside instead of playing outside. Park and recreation departments and other community-based organizations receive assistance from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute on providing activities for kids and adults that encourage healthy lifestyle choices (NIH Pg2). This program wo uld provide a prevention method to help control childhood obesity. These programs help kids to become more physically active and a good way for children to stay healthy. Others are quick to blame the media for contributing to childhood obesity. They use special marketing techniques to target a specific audience. Almost all children shows have commercials for junk foods and fast food restaurants. These advertisements use vibrant colors and extra incentives such as free toys, to make the child believe they need the product. Excessive advertising of junk foods especially to children is exacerbating the obesity problem in the United States and requires further regulation, according to a new report by a group of health advocates (Higgins Pg11). These food companies do not care about the well-being of kids. All they have in mind is to sell their products to children. This type of propaganda needs to be regulated to a minimum so that children can have a brighter future with fewer health risks to be concerned about. Schools are also a deciding factor of childrens eating behaviors. Schools are always speculated on because it is supposed to provide structure for children. Most schools offer junk food and soda through vending machines to children. An increasing number of schools are also encouraging healthy lifestyle behaviors. More nutritious choices in cafeterias and vending machines, such as salad bars and baked food rather than fried, encourage kids to try items other than sodas, candy bars, and French fries (NIH Pg3). The cafeteria food that provides children with meals follows a strict a dietary guideline. For the most part, these meals are nutritious and from the main food groups. Consuming nutritious healthy food has been reported to helping a child learn more throughout the school day. Since schools see children every day, they realize the major problem in overweight children and how it has become a serious public health issue. Most schools have stopped the sale of junk food and other item s that are high in calories and fat. It is a parents responsibility to set a good example and be a good role model for their children. While children can play ball at the local park and choose healthier foods in school, at the end of the day family support is what really counts. You are a role model for your kids. Children form habits from parents, and usually, maintain them into adulthood (NIH Pg3). Children learn mostly from their parents and need a platform for them to eat right and include daily activities in their normal routines. As a child grows they depend on a parent to nurture them and obtain a normal healthy lifestyle. The risks obese children face can be detrimental to their health. Overweight children can develop type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is when the pancreas cant secrete enough insulin to break down the high level of sugars. The combination of increased insulin and insulin resistance is the mechanism responsible for non-insulin-dependent or type 2 diabetes mellitus, a disease whose increase in frequency may parallel the increased prevalence of obesity (Gidding Pg2). This type of diabetes has been diagnosed for obese children and is believed to be a link to obesity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is compared to be the same as diabetes found in adults. Overweight kids face the risk of heart disease from having high cholesterol levels and blood pressure (NIH Pg1). The bodys vital organs work a lot harder in an obese child rather than a healthy child. Any excess fat a body carries brings tremendous stress to an individuals physical health. Overweight children also experience sleeping problems. One of the most severe problems for obese children is sleep apnea (interrupted breathing while sleeping). In some cases, this can lead to problems with learning and memory (NIH Pg1). Sleep apnea is believed to have an effect on memory loss and learning disabilities in children. Maybe this accounts for increasing numbers of obese children in need of special education, but no studies have been reported on it. Overweight adolescents have a 70 percent chance of becoming overweight or obese adults (NIH Pg1). Of course, the percentage is approximate, but it reveals that obesity has become a problem in our country. Overweight children are also threatened with developing asthma, orthopedic problems, among other diseases they can easily contract with this type of eating disorder. These children risk having diabetic complications, including heart disease, stroke, blindness, limb amputation, and kidney failure, before they reach the age of thirty (Brownell Pg 47). These health risks will follow them into adulthood. They are more prone to these and other diseases as they grow older. The chances of living a long life decrease rapidly with these health risks. But perhaps more devastating to an overweight child than the health problems is social discrimination. Children who are teased a lot can develop low self-esteem and depression (NIH Pg1). Not only does it affect their health problems, but obesity also affects a childs psychological and social behaviors too. Children can be very mean to other kids that are different. Needless to say, these bullies only hurt the child more by their bullish actions with name calling, becoming physical, and countless other ways. A bullys behavior is the need to be the center of attention and feel accepted by their peers. An obese kid that is made fun of all the time already knows they have a weight problem and can develop many behavioral problems. Most overweight children develop low self-esteem about themselves. They become depressed from being teased about their weight. All kids want to feel accepted by their peers and be socially interactive amongst others. Many overweight children deal with feelings o f isolation, unwanted, and hatred towards their peers. When overweight kids feel depressed and alone their comfort is food, which makes it harder for them to lose the weight. It is difficult for younger kids growing up with this eating disorder. Some children may even act out or behave badly because it helps release their aggression. Being teased about a weight problem in childhood greatly impacts the childs mentality and will cause psychological problems later on in life. Children that feel out of place and unaccepted, often think about hurting themselves or others. Social exclusion, teasing, and anti-fat media messages are common, and their discrimination in education. As a result, poor self-esteem and other problems are very real issues for these children (Brownell Pg 47). These children do not always want to talk about their feelings and emotions to anyone. They will need family support and love to let them know how much you care for them. Hopefully, obese children do not develo p a mental complex from all of the cruelty they witness. Doctors are able to calculate if a child is obese by using the formula for body mass index. This formula helps determine the excess body fat on a person. In the early years of life, doctors use an age growth chart to plot a childs physical progression. They are not too concerned about overweight babies, but with under-weights. As a child grows older, the body mass index (BMI) indicates the percentage amount of excess fat and will determine if the child is obese or overweight for their age. This country needs to start taking preventive measures on controlling obesity in our children. Two main reasons that children become overweight are poor eating habits, and decreased physical activity. This intervention needs to start with the parents of overweight kids. The initial focus of our preventive efforts should be on the obese parents of the young child, regardless of the weight status of the child. But, increasingly, in order to effectively prevent adult disease, we are going to need to focus on the child and adolescent who is overweight, regardless of the weight status of their parents (Symp. Proc. Pg 17). The reality is that good nutrition needs to start in the home. These children need to have a good role model to look up to. A young child will imitate a parents actions, so its a good time to teach them how to eat healthily and stay active. A good way to get your child involved is to plan family activities that involve exercise. Instead of watching TV, go hiking or biking, wash the car, or walk around a mall. Offer the children choices and let them decide (NIH Pg 3). If the parent implements these strategies early enough, the child will less likely become overweight. If a child is involved in decision making on the types of activities and meal planning, it helps them learn about living a healthy lifestyle. Limit them watching the television and prohibit them from eating in front of the TV. This will create quality family time that all young children need in their lives for good structure. Spending time with your children and listening to them will give a parent great insight about their child. Both child and parent will learn from each other. Parents should refrain from buying un-nutritious junk food. A helpful guide for dietary intake would be to follow the food pyramid. The food pyramid is a guide, which lists what food the body needs and serving portions for intake. Parents and children should follow a di etary program that helps control their weight. We need to increase the physical awareness to our young children beginning in the classroom. Teaching a child the importance of exercise on a daily routine is essential in the efforts of staying healthy. Teachers need to encourage kids about living a good healthy lifestyle and making the right choices. Schools all around the country have been cutting back the time for the lunch period and recess. Some schools do not have recess anymore, which is a shame. Recess should be a very important part of a childs learning process. It is time, after lunch, to run around a playground and burn off the excess calories and fat. It is time the schools educate the children about nutrition. Health classes should give information on the importance of staying active and eating right. Most of these classes are curtailed because they feel it takes away from other subjects. These classes are just as important if not more. Physical Education classes are also being overlooked as taking time away from other classes. Gym classes are needed to teach children different sports and staying fit. The components of effective nutrition education include making nutrition fun and engaging; integrating nutrition across the curriculum, home, and community; and emphasizing behavior change (Symp. Proc. Pg 93). Nutrition education should play an important part in a young childs upbringing in schools and at home. Schools need to implement changes in their curriculum making nutrition and health classes’ top priority. Without these classes, children are more likely to succumb of poor dietary habits and uninterested in physical exertion. Children need to stay healthy to be able to learn other material at school. Numerous studies have shown that a well-balanced diet and physical activities play a big part in a child maintaining good grades. Exercise improves blood flow to the brain and spurs cell growth, leading some to compare the brain to muscle, which performs best when exercised (Brownell Pg 83) . This study should encourage schools to promote gym and health classes because it can affect the childs learning ability. To help control obesity, schools need to set regulations and standards regarding childrens health. All levels of government and community organizations must get involved in encouraging children to acknowledge the importance of good health. Many of the community programs and organizations rely on federal funding to help them educate the children. Local park and recreation departments help provide children with activities throughout the year. Their hopes are to create a mindset in children that doing physical activities are not only fun but vital for staying healthy. Many programs have been introduced in schools and communities. More recently, there have been two programs that proved to be essential of the awareness on this health issue. CATCH and SPARK programs have been implemented to incorporate activity into the school routine, to increase movement in PE classes and in school in general, and to encourage children to be active outside of school. The results have shown improvements in childrens physical activity, diet, and medical outlook, and in some cases have shown enduring effects that last for some years beyond the end of the programs (Brownell Pg 83). These programs are designed for intervention and prevention methods for child obesity. The government is well aware of how this issue has become a serious public health problem. They need to implement a plan of action to help curb and control this disorder before it gets out of hand. The government does fund programs and organizations involving obesity in children. These funds are usually not enough or cutback, so it becomes difficult to run the programs. The government is also hoping to regulate TV advertisements during children shows to limit commercials selling unhealthy foods. Public policy needs to be set into place and explore every aspect of preventing childhood obesity. The federal government does have a couple of good programs and need to continue on fighting this crisis because it will only get worse as the years progress. Everyone is quick to blame someone else with the discussion of obesity in children. The first change needs to begin in the home environment and if everyone does their part, we can take control of the situation at hand. Current research leaves the hope that the trend toward increased obesity can be reversed through a public health policy that encourages regular physical activity and a prudent diet (Gidding Pg 7). The public needs to accept the fact that todays youth are increasingly becoming overweight. Today, researchers have enough insight on all facets of obesity in children to render a decision on intervention and prevention methods needed to help reverse this public health crisis. Inevitably, obesity in children will drastically increase if nothing is done about it. List Brownell, and Katherine Horgen PH.D. Food Fight. New York: McGraw-Hill Co. 2004. Childhood Obesity: causes and preventions. Symposium Proc., 27 Oct. 1998. Washington: Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, 1999. Gidding, Samuel. MD., et al. Understanding obesity in youth. Journal of American Heart Association. 1 Nov. 2004. http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/94/12/3383. Greaser, and John J. Whyte. Childhood obesity: is there an effective treatment? Consultant. 1 Sept 2004. 27 Nov. 2004. http://web7.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark. Higgins, Marguerite. Junk food ads for children are targeted; researchers tie to obesity, seek tighter controls. The Washington Times. 10 Sept. 2004. National Institutes of Health. Childhood obesity on the rise. June 2002. 10 Oct. 2004. nih.gov/news/wordonhealth/jun2002/childhoodobesity.htm. Obesity The American Heritage College Dictionary. 3rd edition. 2000. Research Papers on Childhood Obesity EssayIs the Use of Psychotropic Drugs in the Treatment ofThe Broken FamilyLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesGenetic EngineeringA Marketing Analysis of the Fast-Food RestaurantInflation TargetingYear Round SchoolingProbation OfficersSexually Transmitted DiseasesMRSA Staph Bacteria

What Is Art essays

What Is Art essays Art is either plagiarism or revolution. Paul Gauguin (18481903), French artist. Quoted in: Huneker, Pathos of Distance, p. 128. Defining art is a very difficult thing to do. Choosing one characteristic over another would be unfair. Art and literature cant be based on good characteristics in a book or one way of painting or sculpting. You cant say that music is only good when it has words. So the question is what makes something art? Art can be defined as a unique style, something that has never been done before. Everyone is different, even the most identical twins dont share the same fingerprints. Everyone is also born with there own sense of style, there own thoughts and ideas. Art can not be art if you are coping other peoples style. A not very well known book or piece of art can still be considered art as long as it holds its own unique style. Take Pablo Picasso for example he changed modern art as we know it. Picasso didnt want people to copy him or his style. Painting is a blind mans profession. He paints not what he sees, but what he feels, what he tells himself about what he has seen. Pablo Picasso From this quote I am led to believe that its not his intentions for people to copy him. Art comes from within, you cant copy someone else and say thats how you feel. If you were to ask a 100 people what there feelings on art were, I bet that you wouldnt receive the same exact answer from any two people. So for someone to have the same style of someone else, is impossible. How can yo u feel, think or act out the same ways as someone else you cant. Oh, yes even Cow Poop Mary is art. The Virgin Mary has been done in many medians, but this artist seen something new something unique. It wasnt the same oil on canvas painting of the Virgin Mary holding baby Jesus. This had never been done before. And even ...

Critically discuss how one method in Media and Cultural Studies Essay

Critically discuss how one method in Media and Cultural Studies presented in term 2 of the module has been applied to an aspect of everyday life - Essay Example In terms of media-oriented cultural studies, and with the onslaught of various media brought about by post-globalization, ethnography have developed several methods that have departed itself from the traditional concept of qualitative research to a more reflexive approach that is more dependent in terms of interpretations, analysis, and assumptions of the researcher (Barker, p. 32-33). This paper is aimed at studying the application of various ethnographic methods through up-to-date, relevant examples of its usage and provides an analysis of each of the methods’ strengths and weaknesses. A classic ethnographic method that has undergone a postmodern approach is participant observation. Traditionally, participant observation involves empirical field work through participation in the day-to-day activities of the object of study with informal interviews towards better understanding of the meaning and reasoning behind the activities being performed. The time frame of study varies but has steadily declined over the years due to the cost and complexity of the method (as cited in Pickering, p. 107-108). With the proliferation of mass media such as television and internet, participant observations have become part of a pop cultural phenomenon not only dedicated in educating people about various cultures of isolated ethnic groups but creating a spectacle out of it. Take for instance National Geographic Channel’s Meet the Natives UK (2007) and Discovery Channel’s Adventures of Mark and Olly: Living with the Kombai (2007). Both television programs are aimed at documenting culture through the eyes of the observers—through their own interpretation of the culture. In Meet the Natives UK (2007), five tribesmen from Tanna in the South Pacific made the journey to Britain to observe and participate on various aspects of the English’ culture. With it, the tribesmen would constantly analyze and compare Britain’s culture [and technology] from their own thus

Business Plan - Strategic Phase Marketing Assignment

Business Plan - Strategic Phase Marketing - Assignment Example The IT consulting firms deal with so many products in different fields from professional services to security firms. The Morab consulting firm is meant to deal with staffing. The staffing industry needs to be up to date with the current technology in order to stay ahead of the complex industry, where good quality and high production is the basis of selling your product or service (Seaby, 2010). The major categories of the products are: The company will focus mainly on linking businesses with experts or qualified technologists for short periods of time for firms that are in urgent need of technologists due to unavoidable circumstances like employee absenteeism due to sickness or other reasons. In other cases where companies need skills and it is a temporary fix, so they need experts to deal with the situation. The software needed for making the staffing possible is based on the hosting the software. In hosting the software, there are two options, either use direct calls to gain access to the software from where it was developed or purchase it since it has limited negotiation deals. In due time be able to develop the software internally (Marks, 2013). Akken cloud is a low rate software engineering company that sells recruiting and staffing software. The delivery policy is based on the type of use and in our case it is going to be self-hosted which means that the software company is going to install the software in our company systems and in return they are going to charge 15% more from the initial buying price. If there are going to be hardware costs the company will decide on the ground on the way forward. The profit margins for the advisory sector is going to be close to 5% in the first month due to the fact the fact that the input in the first month is more and there is a limited number of clients. In the outsourcing department where we are

North American Civilization Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

North American Civilization Paper - Essay Example No attempts were made to immigrate to Antarctica so the migration essentially stopped there. The enormity of the landscape allowed two distinct sources of food delivery to evolve: maintenance of hunter-gatherer societies in nomadic formations and agricultural societies tying themselves to distinct geographical enclaves. The book contends the population to be 5-10 million but other sources place the number between 2-7 million. Agriculture increased the complexity of the societies that developed in the various areas of continent. Men tended to wield more power and influence in the hunter societies while the women of the tribes started to come into their own in the agricultural societies. The increased complexity of the societal fabric tended to bring more power to the women of the tribes. The relative scarcity of arable land or diminished animal populations for consumption tended to dictate the type of civilizations that would arise around the provision of foodstuffs. They tended to va ry in shape and complexity. While the Pueblos tended to an increasingly sophisticated agricultural society, the Iroquois all the way on the other side of the continent erected an equally sophisticated culture of their own. The availability of edible wildlife tended to dictate the societal formations that emerged. Davidson et al asserts that nearly 70 Pueblo villages flourished by 1540, a little more than a generation before the Gutierrez map was published. The variations in living and cultural differences between the tribes were as large as the continent was wide. A vast panoply of climates, topography and variations in water systems made a huge tapestry of different lifestyles and tribal constructs apparent. The division and sheer variety of tribal affiliations, lifestyles and resistance to unity made the aboriginal tribes in North America especially vulnerable to the depredations that would be visited on them in the coming decades and centuries. Internecine and centuries old triba l feuds and warfare made it almost impossible to prevent the European tidal wave that was coming. The authors make short shrift of the massive internecine conflict that had embroiled the continent for centuries between different tribes. â€Å"On the Western Plains, pre?Columbian warfare—before the introduction of horses and guns—pitted tribes against one another for control of territory and its resources, as well as for captives and honor. Indian forces marched on foot to attack rival tribes who sometimes resided in palisaded villages.† In the eastern woodlands, â€Å"mourning wars† would take place where tribes would fight each other. It is sad to say that the tribal rivalries were a serious impediment to offering a united front against the European invasion on its way. Soon enough, as the eighteenth century emerged more than two hundred years after Gutierrez’ map made its debut, a European march westward marking the ultimate destruction of the ab original tribes of America began to gain steam and the North American Indian tribes’

Insulation and ventilation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Insulation and ventilation - Research Paper Example Their resistances range from 2.13 to 3.31 and mostly require installation by professionals (Department of Energy, 2008). The other type of insulation is rigid insulation that is made from plastic foams or fibrous materials. They provide a greater resistance where space is limited. Professionals apply foam insulation produced in two forms open-cell and closed-cell with the help of special equipment. Blue Flame states that ventilators are those openings in the attic that allow moisture to escape. Ventilation ensures that attic heat does not penetrate into living rooms during the summer. Natural ventilation installation should be for every 300 square feet of an attic, one square foot of ventilation is required (Blue Flame). Some of the natural ventilation types include gable vents, ridge vents, soffit vents, and roof line vents. Power ventilation utilizes attic ventilators that may hinder efficient fireplace and furnace ventilation (Blue Flame). Properly ventilated and insulated attics offer several benefits. Proper insulation and ventilation prevent ice dams by keeping the roof cooler during winter. An efficient ventilation and insulation reduce cooling costs during warm seasons. Proper insulation extends shingle life span that also prevents rot in the roof’s framing by reducing moisture build up. Improper ventilation and insulation consequences include increased costs in cooling and heating the house during hot and cold weather. Improper installation consumes energy and produces unreliable outcomes inhibiting energy efficiency. Both open cell and closed cell foam insulation are suitable for insulating. These foam installations all come in different colors and often look alike. Easley states that in open cell foam insulation, bubbles are linked and connected by air pockets with Resistance values of around 3.5 per inch. The closed cell foam spray uses tiny bubbles filled with gasses less conductive than air, forming a

Book review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Book review - Essay Example This example is simple and profound. The following excerpt from the book Life of Pi by Yann Martel has relevance to the above example. Pi writes "I left town and on my way back, at a point where the land was high and I could see the sea to my left and down the road a long ways, I suddenly felt I was in heaven. The spot was in fact no different from when I had passed it not long before, but my way of seeing it had changed. The feeling, a paradoxical mix of pulsing energy and profound peace, was intense and blissful. Whereas before the road, the sea, the trees, the air, the sun all spoke differently to me, now they spoke one language of unity. Tree took account of road, which was aware of air, which was mindful of sea, which shared things with sun. Every element lived in harmonious relation with its neighbor, and all was kith and kin. I knelt a mortal; I rose an immortal. I felt like the center of a small circle, coinciding with the center of a much larger one. Atman had met Allah."(p. 59-60) This example elucidates what mystical experience is all about. In this paragraph the sentence â€Å"I suddenly felt I was in heaven† is significant. Heaven is the place where dualities and conflicts of the life on Planet Earth are not there and the perception capacity of an individual is limitless. ‘Heaven’ is the state when an individual has transcended the limitations of mind, meaning reasoning is non-existent there. When an individual transcends the hurdles of reasoning he reaches the conflict-free zone that is the state of bliss. That is the state of permanent happiness. The concept of secularism is the gift of his parents to Pi as they have no interest in dogmatic religion. The important message of Pi is love and he sees unity in diversity and marvels at the cosmic unity in existence and in functioning of everything. He loves the essence of every religion and when the local leaders come to know that he practices Christianity, Islam and Sufism, they ask him

Two short essay questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two short questions - Essay Example Oh Dae-su (Choi Min-sik) and Mido (Hye-jeong Kang) of Old Boy are both hypnotized to forget who they are and to fall for each other. Hypnotism removes their free will in controlling their actions. As a result, Dae-Su suffers a fate worse than death, an incestuous relationship with his own daughter because of the vengeance of Woo-jin Lee (Ji-tae Yu) against Dae-Su. Dae-Su almost wants to die because of his sin, which underscore the meaninglessness of life because of the absence of morality. Cheol-su (Woo-sung Jung) loves Su-jin (Ye-jin Son) so much but her mental illness is a great barrier to their happy ending. Hallyu is famous for its tragic endings that underscore realism and humanism in film that made it unique in Hollywood setting (Choi 68). Melodramatic plots feature characters that show the frailty of human life and morality. Hallyu films underscore that families continue to be the lasting source of happiness and identity in modern life that is full of violence and uncertainties. Old Boy and Moment to Remember may have tragic endings but they underscore the importance of families for the protagonists. Their family relationships are crucial to finding meaning in modern life in general and individual identities in specific. Old Boy and Moment to Remember show the significance of family relationships to survival and happiness. Oh Dae-su only wants to be reunited with his family, but his past became the greatest hindrance to his ultimate goal in life- to have a happy family. The melodramatic structure of the film underscores the role of family life to individual happiness (Choi 68). Furthermore, Dae su finds his identity through his love for his family. He wants revenge because his imprisonment took his family away from him, when before, his family is the center of his world. Without his family, his tortured soul experiences

Insulation and ventilation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Insulation and ventilation - Research Paper Example Their resistances range from 2.13 to 3.31 and mostly require installation by professionals (Department of Energy, 2008). The other type of insulation is rigid insulation that is made from plastic foams or fibrous materials. They provide a greater resistance where space is limited. Professionals apply foam insulation produced in two forms open-cell and closed-cell with the help of special equipment. Blue Flame states that ventilators are those openings in the attic that allow moisture to escape. Ventilation ensures that attic heat does not penetrate into living rooms during the summer. Natural ventilation installation should be for every 300 square feet of an attic, one square foot of ventilation is required (Blue Flame). Some of the natural ventilation types include gable vents, ridge vents, soffit vents, and roof line vents. Power ventilation utilizes attic ventilators that may hinder efficient fireplace and furnace ventilation (Blue Flame). Properly ventilated and insulated attics offer several benefits. Proper insulation and ventilation prevent ice dams by keeping the roof cooler during winter. An efficient ventilation and insulation reduce cooling costs during warm seasons. Proper insulation extends shingle life span that also prevents rot in the roof’s framing by reducing moisture build up. Improper ventilation and insulation consequences include increased costs in cooling and heating the house during hot and cold weather. Improper installation consumes energy and produces unreliable outcomes inhibiting energy efficiency. Both open cell and closed cell foam insulation are suitable for insulating. These foam installations all come in different colors and often look alike. Easley states that in open cell foam insulation, bubbles are linked and connected by air pockets with Resistance values of around 3.5 per inch. The closed cell foam spray uses tiny bubbles filled with gasses less conductive than air, forming a

Two short essay questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two short questions - Essay Example Oh Dae-su (Choi Min-sik) and Mido (Hye-jeong Kang) of Old Boy are both hypnotized to forget who they are and to fall for each other. Hypnotism removes their free will in controlling their actions. As a result, Dae-Su suffers a fate worse than death, an incestuous relationship with his own daughter because of the vengeance of Woo-jin Lee (Ji-tae Yu) against Dae-Su. Dae-Su almost wants to die because of his sin, which underscore the meaninglessness of life because of the absence of morality. Cheol-su (Woo-sung Jung) loves Su-jin (Ye-jin Son) so much but her mental illness is a great barrier to their happy ending. Hallyu is famous for its tragic endings that underscore realism and humanism in film that made it unique in Hollywood setting (Choi 68). Melodramatic plots feature characters that show the frailty of human life and morality. Hallyu films underscore that families continue to be the lasting source of happiness and identity in modern life that is full of violence and uncertainties. Old Boy and Moment to Remember may have tragic endings but they underscore the importance of families for the protagonists. Their family relationships are crucial to finding meaning in modern life in general and individual identities in specific. Old Boy and Moment to Remember show the significance of family relationships to survival and happiness. Oh Dae-su only wants to be reunited with his family, but his past became the greatest hindrance to his ultimate goal in life- to have a happy family. The melodramatic structure of the film underscores the role of family life to individual happiness (Choi 68). Furthermore, Dae su finds his identity through his love for his family. He wants revenge because his imprisonment took his family away from him, when before, his family is the center of his world. Without his family, his tortured soul experiences

From slavery to freedom Essay Example for Free

From slavery to freedom Essay Ironically, Fredrick Douglas all but snatched the Emancipation Proclamation from Abraham Lincolns hands to make of its flat rhetoric a sharpened call for freedom and equality. Douglass had never regarded the ending of slavery as enough, either for himself or for his people; it had to be the beginning of an embrace of the black individuals fullness as a person, a beginning that would point straight toward an end, within quick reach. â€Å"For Douglass, each gain in the struggle, and the Emancipation Proclamation decidedly was one of the greatest, simply meant that America must move on to the next gain. † (Mcfeely, 1991) Douglasss commitment to abolitionism, black elevation, and womens rights outstripped his commitment to other social reforms. His major social reform passions black liberation and womens liberation underscored his egalitarian humanism. The logic and motivation for his social reform odyssey derived essentially from his quest for morality, order, and progress. Even though his interrelated social reform enthusiasms were integral to his vision of a moral, orderly, and progressive civilization, he nonetheless evinced a keen sense of the need for priorities among them. (Martin, 1984) In retelling his journey from slavery to freedom in the middle of the decade, less than a year after the Cleveland emigration convention, Douglass was responding implicitly to the arguments of Delany and other pro-immigration supporters that in the foreseeable future blacks would remain slaves, or de facto slaves, in the United States arguments that would appear to have gained added currency with the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854. Central to Douglasss continued hopefulness about blacks prospects in the United States, despite such obviously negative developments, was a renewed commitment following his 1851 break with Garrison to the informing ideals of the nations original revolutionary documents. In many ways during this period, Frederick Douglass became the prototypical American success: a peerless self-made man and symbol of success; a fearless and tireless spokesman; a thoroughgoing humanist. The most striking and enduring aspect of Douglasss heroic legacy in his day its classic, even archetypical aura has persisted down to the present. Although often viewed and used differently by others, the heroic and legendary Douglass clearly personifies the American success ethic. The key to his eminently evocative essence is twofold. Douglass’s influence had a far reaching affect. In April 1855, Uriah Boston, a prominent figure in the black community of Poughkeepsie, New York, wrote a letter to Douglass in reference to his newspaper. Boston expressed concern over the increasingly separatist tone of prominent black abolitionists like William J. Wilson and James McCune Smith. Responding to pieces they had written in the black press, Boston criticized the two for â€Å"urging the colored people to preserve their identity with the African race. † He feared that any claim of distinct national identity on the part of black people might lend credence to â€Å"the propriety and necessity of African colonization†Ã¢â‚¬â€the dreaded scheme of the American Colonization Society. For Boston, blacks could never constitute a nation within the nation. â€Å"You cannot mix nationalities,† he wrote. â€Å"No man is a proper citizen of one certain country while he claims at the same time to be a citizen of any other country. †

Application of Chinese Folk Art Patterns in Animation Design

Application of Chinese Folk Art Patterns in Animation Design Research on the Application of Chinese Folk Art Patterns in Animation Design Keywords: Fine arts, folk art, animation design, traditional culture, application. Abstract. Chinese folk art is the working people in the long life practice created by the art form of great aesthetic value and cultural connotation, because there is plenty of animation resources, mature image design experience and rich folk culture characteristics, animation image of the design has a very strong reference value. Folk Art in the animation image design applications outstanding performance in the shape, color and other visual elements and by giving current cultural elements and learn from foreign cultural elements and innovation. Chinese folk art is an important element of all ethnic art heritage, is one of the important art in accordance with our current development, the creation of the working people to beautify the environment, rich folk customs and daily life for the purpose of popular art. Chinese folk art is colorful, such as: pottery, stone carvings, paintings, paper-cut, have accumulated working people appreciate beauty, it reflects our colorful folk art. The Chinese animation heritage of the art features, the integration of Chinese folk art of color, conception, composition and other characteristics, the Chinese animation in the world animation market has created one after another new situation, so that our animation a place in the world. Folk art in our possession long national culture in an important position, it is the continuation of our original art, and show a strong vitality and profound historical and cultural heritage. We analyze the characteristics and present situation of folk art, study of its application in the design of animated features for creative folk have the characteristics of modern animation propose specific measures and recommendations. Introduction Folk Art Plastic Arts inherit the national culture of the visual image, which embodies the strong local flavor and life of human labor in the most pristine art thinking, and with a real, positive emotions. Animation as a young form of artistic expression, and promote the heritage and development of folk art. Folk art is an important national art content, contains the value and beauty of Meaning, it is a source with the development of human civilization spread far, of course, with advances in technology in constant change and innovation, different ethnic Times has its own unique folk art, China is no exception. Folk Art left a rich artistic property, to posterity a rich theme in the animation design and learn resources. Various products on behalf of Chinese art all have their own characteristics, are also closely related between them, closely linked Folk Art is art created by the working people personally, the creative process with the color, the shape of the deployment, configuration and design are from the hands of the masses, it added a layer of decoration for the United States society, but also enrich their daily lives to express their vision of life, the United States point of view, in their generation to generation, continuous development of innovative forward. With the leap in recent years, science and technology, the development prospects of Chinas folk art is also not optimistic. Chinese folk art has a long history, rich heritage, ancestors left us a huge treasure trove of wisdom are parents, and parents for their hard work inseparable. Our folk art everywhere, and range, many aspects are involved. For example: paintings, prints, painted lantern painting class, it is breathtaking;   toys, working people make aesthetic toys with clay, paper, etc., to add a variety of childhood memories of the United States; there is, they use bamboo grass with wicker woven into one aesthetic of daily necessities to the people tiring day adds to appreciate beauty; of course, like our clay statues, figurines, stone, etc. to better reflect the Chinese folk art is profound, both these works of art show the daily life of art, gave posterity to appreciate beauty. Of course, this is only a small part of folk art, thousands of years, folk art has been throughout the life of the working people, but also penetrate into our everyday practice, we have always regarded them as our mo st important art property, especially in recent years, people are increasingly aware of the importance of folk art, increasing the variety of protective measures, so that these folk art can be more perfect spread. Figure.1 Folk arts and crafts The Proposed Methodology Characteristics and status of folk art.Folk art are territorial, it embodies the different folk customs of different regions, such as folk dress material Northern winter is leather, wool, felt, the south is more of cloth, hemp, silk; civil hand-knit northern straw, reeds, south bamboo and rattan weave the purpose. Folk art has mass, is the collective wisdom of the working people, labor and civil life is a celebration embodies the most simple folk life. Folk art is practical a lot of folk arts can not only use, but also enrich public life, creating beauty and joy, such as folk lantern. Folk art has inheritance, it is a historical process of development of cultural continuity and succession, as paintings, Lu shadow, etc. It is the heritage of people from generation to generation, reflecting its unique culture and art forms. Our wide variety of folk art, such as paintings, paper cutting, shadow play, clay, puppets, printing and dyeing, they reflect the folk life, auspicious beautiful, with strong local flavor and local color, and form their own artistic style. Folk art is our precious artistic heritage, inheritance and development of different ways, but with the continuous impact of economic development, peoples vision gradually wide, the status of folk art and degree of attention is being reduced, as has been the lack of well protected and attention, so that folk art extinction rate today is accelerating. With renewed awareness of this precious artistic heritage of folk art, a variety of protective measures and systems are pay attention to it, how to protect the heritage of folk art and become a major issue. As a contemporary sunrise industry, the medium of animation for the inheritance and development of folk art has played a catalytic force, learn folk art essence, create their Chinese characteristics , a new image animation animation creator became a sacred mission. Inspiration Folk Art of Animation design.Our animation design style is in the period of gradually explored, in the shape of the image of creativity and expression as well as lack of shape in the form of imitation means heavier, originality is not prominent, modeling language rather monotonous, lack of artistic vitality. Animation creator animation style too much respect for Japan and the US, the traditional Chinese local culture lack of knowledge, it is difficult to break through in the original design. Animation design in the training of personnel, lack of curriculum for Chinese traditional culture, draw less design philosophy of traditional Chinese elements in the animation modeling language has some limitations. Folk Woodcut New Year Painting is a gradual development and evolution of evil, decorate holiday custom environment. More content is good luck, business fortune, slayer of evil auspicious patterns. Animation design, you can draw pictures of exaggerated, full of style, composition plane symmetrical manner, which reflects its decorative sense of fun. Animation modeling on color matching can also use colorful pictures, pay attention to color and other characteristics correspond to enhance the visual sense of the screen. Folk shadow styling features and silhouettes, paper-cut hollow shape and the same, and more is a side image. Animation design can draw on its image exaggerated features, emphasizing the flat and decorative shapes through different articulation, the movement in line with the movement of the animation, there are some fun. Many of the folk art has a rich modeling language, as animation modeling design and shape, you need to learn the folk art styling, while innovative design more in line with the animation image of contemporary aesthetic needs. Folk Art in Modern Art Design Animation.Folk art form of language lessons and lessons can be reflected in the animation design in every aspect. Firstly screenplay experience its spiritual essentials, to determine the type of animation; secondly, to collect performance material modeling language, design style first draft; again, to determine the role of style, design character renderings, dynamic maps, emoticons, turn-sectional view, clothing diagram, the proportion of maps, maps props; and finally, complete animation modeling artwork, mention the color line. Design animated image.In the early development of Chinas animation industry, folk art is widely applied to the design of the animated image, and achieved good results. Folk art in China has a very long history, from the murals to the Han Dynasty brick, paper cutting from northern Shaanxi to Tianjin clay figurines, paintings from Weifang to Shaoxing opera, are forms of folk art. In addition, the design of the characters also has a very rich experience, these design experience and skills for animated image designs, has a very good reference guide, which is the most typical drama. Theatre is one of the widely popular folk art forms of folk art in terms compared to other, more emphasis on characters design, which is the most typical mask and clothing. Folk cultural identity.Folk art is the art form of the working people in their daily work in the formation of a strong national cultural identity and cultural characteristics of these peoples for the animated image of the design is also very necessary. With the national aesthetic features animated characters easier stand in the column of the animation world. Application of visual elements. Modeling refers to the external form of the animated character, unique and rich ethnic flavor of role modeling can be attracted attention of the audience in the shortest possible time, to lay the foundation for the success of animation works. Folk art modeling techniques used in animation character design is very extensive, such as lines, shapes, and so on. Figure.1 Animation design Color is the main feature of folk art, folk art in the development process of China for thousands of years, different colors are formed different aesthetic connotations, cultural symbolism and even apply the law, these colors constitute the Chinese folk art color system. Animated Image Design Innovation. Application of Folk Art in the animated image is not simply rote, but to carry forward the grand, its essence, discard the dross. Also requires creators to innovate based on the historical background, the aesthetic needs of the community and other factors and otherwise, not only difficult to achieve the purpose of the application of folk art, but also restricting the development of the animation industry. Folk art innovation in the animation image design, and must rely on contemporary culture, in line with the aesthetic pursuit of modern people, therefore, folk art in the animation image design applications must fully take into account the age requirements, in which the given moment of culture element. Learn from foreign cultural elements.Folk art innovation in the design of the animated image cannot be behind closed doors, but also need to learn to absorb moderate foreign cultural elements. On the basis of keeping their own culture on each other, the localization of foreign cultural elements, the elements of international folk art. As we all know, the current world animation industry, the focus in Japan and the United States. US animation industry technology-driven, is a typical flow of technology, which for our country to promote the animation industry modernization, enhance the technological level of the animation industry has an important role in guiding, Japans animation style is clear that the type of diverse and delicate emotions, very textured, which enhance the quality of animation works great benefit. Thus, when applied to animated image of folk art designs, we should pay attention to absorb the United States as the representative of the animation technology to Japan on b ehalf of the animated texture, thereby enhance the overall image of the animation design level. Drama mask is one of the important manifestations of theater, through abstraction, exaggeration, etc., so that the characters face patterning, symbolic, usually intuitively revealed the character and attitude of the hero characters feature; secondly, theater costume design is also very complicated , different character modeling complemented by color, different forms of clothing, these garments to show the personality traits have important secondary significance. In the animation, the creators of folk art fusion to broaden involves animation, animation development to a higher level; at the same time, you want the animation to widen the audience of all ages, so that our animation spread more long, wider. In short, the Chinese folk art bits and pieces can be integrated into the animation design, make Chinese animation reached its peak in development, the task of our contemporary art is to our young folk art and animation integrate, will carry forward our animation . Our folk art to express irony or sometimes praised and so emotional, but also in the shape of the use of certain hyperbole, using a variety of similar shape to express the mood, such as animation Monkey, Pig, us, God of the land, etc., have the shape of a certain exaggeration, but they have certain meanings on some feudal society reflects the dissatisfaction of some of the savior reflects the desire and longing like. Conclusion Folk art into animated image designs, to cartoon characters designed to provide sufficient nutrients to provide a valuable resource for the image animation image design, experience, technology, it has a rich folk culture, too. In the creative process designs of cartoon characters in the whole animation, it should be fully absorbed the cultural characteristics of folk art and aesthetics. Of course, the image of folk art in the animation design is not static it should be to dig deeper spirit of our national culture, with the modified animation modeling language, the spirit of the times and integrate contemporary aesthetic concepts, creating more artistic charm of the animated image. Reference 1. Xing, Baixi, et al. Emotion-driven Chinese folk music-image retrieval based on DE-SVM. Neurocomputing 148 (2015): 619-627. 2. Bastos, Flà ¡via, and Enid Zimmerman. Connecting Creativity Research and Practice in Art Education: Foundations, Pedagogies, and Contemporary Issues. National Art Education Association. 1916 Association Drive, Reston, VA 20191, 2015. 3. Lijuan, Xu. The relationship between Folk Furniture and Folk Culture of Puxian [J]. Furniture Interior Design 1 (2014): 029. 4. Rom, Avital H. Zhuo Sun: The Chinese Zheng Zither: Contemporary Transformations.(SOAS Musicology Series.) xiv, 269 pp. Farnham: Ashgate, 2015. £ 65. ISBN 978 1 4724 1667 4. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 79.3 (2016): 699-701. 5. Si, H. U. A. N. G. Analysis and thoughts on the Teaching Pattern of Chinese Folk Dance Education. Journal of Beijing Dance Academy 1 (2013): 006.